Can Nonprofits Charge for Services or Goods?

A common question that is asked by nonprofits and people in the community is whether or not a nonprofit organization can charge for products or services. Due to the public assumption that nonprofit organizations are not supposed to be able to generate any type of income, events and fundraisers where goods and services are being sold can sometimes be looked at with suspicion.

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Below, we will explain some of the challenges and tax risks nonprofits face when products and services are sold to support their mission.

It Is Quite Common for Nonprofits to Provide Services or Sell Products to Support Their Mission

While nonprofits lean heavily on contributions from donors to achieve their goals, these donations typically aren’t enough to support the mission on their own. If you have ever been to an event that is being hosted by a nonprofit or church, there is a very strong chance that goods or services were being sold in some form to support the cause of that organization.

Multiple revenue streams are vital when it comes to the success of a nonprofit, and the sales of services and/or goods when fundraising can go a long way toward providing needed revenue. With regards to its legality, it is 100% legal in the eyes of the IRS for a nonprofit organization to offer goods or services for sale—as long as all proceeds are used to support its mission.

The Basics of UBIT

We have now established that nonprofits can charge for services or goods as long as all income is being used for the organization’s mission. While this sounds straightforward, there are some fine lines that could fall into UBIT territory if you are not careful.

What Is UBIT?

UBIT is short for Unrelated Business Income Tax. The IRS uses the following criteria to determine if your business income is unrelated to your organization’s mission:

• It is a trade or business
• It is carried out on a regular basis
• It is not substantially related to furthering the exempt purpose of the organization

For example, if your nonprofit chooses to have a bake sale one Saturday, proceeds will likely not be subject to UBIT. However, if you run a sandwich shop as a side business to generate funds for your nonprofit, sales from those sandwiches will likely be subject to UBIT.

Utilizing Donations Over Fees for Services

One way that many nonprofits avoid getting hit with UBIT is by suggesting a voluntary donation instead of charging a fee. Some nonprofits that host fundraising events will give attendees the opportunity to give a gift for services rendered instead of charging fees. They may place a donation box at the entrance of an event where admission is free. There are no fees involved to enter the event, but a donation is encouraged by the presence of a donation box.

There is also a psychological benefit behind giving that cannot be fully expanded on in a brief article such as this, but to summarize, evidence has shown that most people prefer to make a donation of some sort instead of receiving something absolutely free—even when things are financially tight. For example, if you go out to dinner and your waiter or waitress gives you something free of charge instead of adding it to the bill, the typical response to this generosity would be to leave a bigger tip.

Ultimately, shifting the mindset of your nonprofit toward donations rather than a fee-for-service model will not only protect you from any tax implications, but it will also typically increase the number and amount of donations you receive.

Tools to Manage Donors and Donations

Organizing a fundraising event can be an extremely hectic and challenging endeavor. Throw the management of donors and corresponding donations in the mix, and it can add up to a very stressful situation.

Fortunately, it is possible for you to save time and reduce the stress associated with coordinating events, whether they are large or small. Aplos Software provides solutions to address the unique needs of nonprofit organizations.

This article is not meant to be a substitute for professional services. Always consult a CPA or trusted professional when seeking tax or accounting advice.

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